JOURNAL OF PURE SOCIAL SCIENCES (PURESOC) - PAK SOSYAL BİLİMLER DERGİSİ (PAKSOS)

THE CONCEPT OF TAQİYYAH İN ABÛ MUHAMMAD AL-HASAN B. MÛSÂ AL-NEVBAHTÎ

ahmet altıntaş — 2025-06-27

The concept of taqiyya, which emerged at the beginning of Islam and refers to concealing one’s faith in the face of life-threatening danger from disbelievers, has been a subject of extensive debate in the history of Islamic sects. Some scholars from schools such as Shi'a Imamiya have elevated this concept to a matter of belief, while scholars from Sunni, Mu'tazila, and Khawarij schools have opposed the view of the scholars under the Shi'a umbrella particularly the Imami Shi'a arguing that this understanding of taqiyya could lead to sociological, psychological, and ethical negative consequences. Thus, the concept of taqiyya has become one of the major topics debated among scholars of Islamic sects. This article primarily explores the concept of taqiyya as presented by al-Nawbakhti. Al-Nawbakhti is considered one of the first scholars to systematically compile the fundamental tenets of Imami Shi'ism, including the concept of taqiyya and the theory of Imamate. Interestingly, however, al-Nawbakhti never directly identifies himself as a follower of Imami Shi'ism in his book. Despite this, both Imami Shi'a scholars and scholars from other schools clearly state that al-Nawbakhti was a devoted adherent of Imami Shi'ism. On the other hand, while Shi'a scholars and those from other schools openly express their affiliations, al-Nawbakhti's reticence about his sectarian identity is seen as noteworthy from a taqiyya perspective. This raises the question: is his behavior regarding the concealment of his sectarian affiliation an example of taqiyya? To answer this, an investigation is deemed necessary within the context of the history of Islamic sects. In this study, while examining al-Nawbakhti's understanding of taqiyya, we will also briefly touch upon the different views on taqiyya within Islamic sects. This is important because the concept of taqiyya, both in theory and practice, has had significant relevance in Islamic thought throughout history, and understanding how it has been defined and perceived is crucial. Certainly, it is possible to argue that al-Nawbakhti, who was a member of the Imami Shi'a, was influenced by the socio-political pressures of his time. This is especially true given that during the 3rd and 4th centuries AH, the Abbasid caliphs were not particularly favorable toward Shi'a Imami thought, due to concerns about the potential political aspirations of Shi'a Imami leaders. Therefore, it is likely that al-Nawbakhti concealed his Imami Shi'a identity to avoid the pressures of the official regime. However, it must be noted that concealing one’s sectarian identity is not necessarily a point of criticism, as no one is obligated to declare their sectarian affiliation.

THE ECOSYSTEM CONCEPT IN DIGITAL ADVERTISING, THE IMPORTANCE OF GOOGLE AND METAVERSE ECOSYST

Sinan AKSEKİ — 2025-06-27

As the internet has developed, the increasingly influential online-based digital media has driven the transformation of digital advertising. While the core nature and objectives of advertising have not fundamentally altered, digital advertising has begun to occupy a larger role in consumers' lives compared to traditional advertising channels. Leveraging the opportunities offered by the internet, digital advertising has redefined and repositioned consumers, shifting them from being passive recipients of messages to becoming active participants capable of engaging in two-way communication.

In this digital environment, consumers now have significantly enhanced opportunities to exercise their right to critique, making them more independent and less prone to manipulation by brands. As a result of these advancements, brands have discovered ways to closely track consumer trends and behaviors, gain valuable insights into their audience, ensure that advertisements exert a strong influence on consumers, and maintain constant communication with them, independent of time and location.

Digital platforms such as websites, blogs, forums, social media platforms, music and video-sharing sites, online newspapers, podcasts, and dictionaries are now viewed as essential tools for reaching target consumer audiences and are being utilized as cutting-edge advertising channels.

In the current landscape, digital advertising, shaped by the unique nature of the advertising industry, operates in a competitive arena both regionally and globally. By taking advantage of the infrastructure provided by internet technologies, brands have been able to reach global markets with effective promotional strategies in a relatively short time frame. From this point forward, digital advertising channels are regarded as advantageous options for brands in terms of time, cost, and interactivity.

When compared to advertisements in traditional media, digital ads are not only faster and more cost-effective but also allow for quick and effective adjustments in response to consumer feedback, demands, expectations, and complaints.

Investigation of Attachment Styles, Emotional Intelligence, and Romantic Jealousy Levels in Romantic Relarionship

Elif Aybike Şık — 2025-06-27

This study aimed to investigate the attachment styles, emotional intelligence, and levels of romantic jealousy among individuals in romantic relationships. A screening model, which is one of the quantitative research designs, was employed for this research. The population of the study consists of individuals aged 18 and over who are in romantic relationships residing in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and Turkey. Purposive sampling, a non-random research method, was utilized in this study. The sample of the research was determined as individuals aged 18 and over who are currently in romantic relationships. The sample of the research consists of 430 participants who are in romantic relationships and have reached the age of 18. To collect data, "Socio-Demographic Information Form" was used to gather participants' socio-demographic information, "Three-Dimensional Attachment Style Scale" was used to determine attachment styles, "Rotterdam Emotional Intelligence Scale" was used to assess emotional intelligence levels, and "Romantic Jealousy Scale" was employed to measure levels of romantic jealousy. The results of this study revealed that women scored higher than men in anxious-ambivalent attachment and emotional intelligence, and that the duration and nature of the relationship were associated with attachment styles. Furthermore, relationships were found between attachment styles, emotional intelligence, and romantic jealousy. It is recommended that further comprehensive studies be conducted on the examination of attachment styles, emotional intelligence, and levels of romantic jealousy among individuals in romantic relationships.

PERCEPTIONS OF SÜLEYMAN DEMIREL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES ACADEMIC STAFF AND STUDENTS TOWARDS LEARNING GERMAN AND EXPLORING EDUCATION AND WORK OPPORTUNITIES IN GERMANY

Rıza Ersin ÖZTÜRK — 2025-06-27

The acquisition of the German language is becoming increasingly important at institutions like Süleyman Demirel University in Türkiye. Economic and cultural ties between Türkiye and Germany have increased interest in learning German. German has become a crucial language, especially in fields like business and finance, for remaining competitive in the global labor market. This research examines the perceptions of students and academic staff regarding German language learning and the opportunities for education and careers in Germany. The study focuses on the impact of learning German on educational and career opportunities, particularly in the context of the economic ties between Türkiye and Germany. Participants' interest in learning German is shaped by their desires for career development and academic advancement. However, barriers such as time constraints and lack of motivation limit engagement with the language. The findings highlight the need for a more comprehensive German curriculum at universities. In conclusion, language proficiency and international experience are crucial for enhancing career opportunities. Universities are encouraged to develop teaching programs that align with the growing demand for German, allowing for more effective global engagement.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE USAGE IN SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING

Burak Ali ADANA — 2025-06-27

Sustainability reporting, which enables the disclosure and measurement of information regarding businesses' environmental, social, and economic activities, policies, and risks, aims to enhance trust and transparency between businesses and their stakeholders. In this context, the accuracy and reliability of the information included in sustainability reporting gain significance for sustainable production and, more importantly, for a sustainable world. At this point, artificial intelligence, which is increasingly integrating into all aspects of our lives, is expected to contribute to the accuracy and reliability of the information that businesses need for sustainability practices and reporting, as well as the information they disclose to their stakeholders. This study aims to identify the potential contributions of artificial intelligence applications to the sustainability reporting process and the possible challenges that may arise from their use in the future. It has been concluded that while artificial intelligence will contribute to the sustainability reporting process by collecting, analyzing, and reporting data more efficiently, accurately, and transparently, it will also bring potential challenges, such as ensuring that the data is accurate, impartial, and complete, and considering ethical issues related to how artificial intelligence technology is used and its potential impacts on society and the environment.

USAGE LEVEL OF INDUSTRY 4.0 IN HOTELS AND EMPLOYEE AWARENESS

YASEMİN DERDİN — 2025-06-27

Scientific and technological developments affect the tourism sector economically and socially, as in other sectors. Following and implementing scientific and technological developments increases countries' tourism revenues and provides a competitive advantage. The technological knowledge and awareness level of hotel employees is an important factor in the success of businesses, as they are the ones providing the service. The purpose of this research is to measure the Industry 4.0 awareness and knowledge level of individuals working in 3, 4 and 5 star accommodation businesses operating in Gaziantep. In addition, this research investigates the level of use of the sub-components that constitute the concept of Industry 4.0 in accommodation establishments. The data was obtained from 293 hotel employees through a survey in February and March 2020 and analyzed with a statistical package program. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that the participants' Industry 4.0 knowledge level was "low level" and their awareness level was "medium level". It was concluded that the knowledge levels of the participants differed significantly according to the departments and duties they worked in. It was concluded that the

THE EVOLUTION OF DIGITAL GAME ECONOMICS IN THE CONTEXT OF MICROTRANSACTIONS AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR

Egemen Karakoyunlar — 2025-06-27

The digital game industry has entered an important transformation phase since the 20^th century. The technological transformations that have taken place in recent years have brought the internet and games closer to the centre of our lives. Within this transformation and development phase, key structural breaks occur in the game industry. One of the most important points in these structural breaks is microtransactions. Through microtransactions, games become a continuous source of income for companies and provide a constant experience for users instead of a one-time gaming experience. In this study, the importance of microtransactions in the market structure and functioning of both the video and mobile game industry is analysed from the point of view of both producers and consumers, and it is aimed to reveal a literature review on the types, motivations, controversial points and consequences of microtransactions.

Keywords: Video Games, Mobile Games, Microtransactions, Consumer

THE IMPACT OF QUANTUM INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE APPLICATIONS

HALİL EKİCİ — 2025-06-27

This study aims to examine the potential impacts of quantum computing technologies on the fields of accounting and finance from an interdisciplinary perspective. The transformative effects of quantum technologies are analyzed through financial applications, accounting information systems, leadership approaches, and decision-making models. To achieve this aim, a comprehensive literature review of recent scientific publications and institutional reports was conducted, forming a theoretical framework for the study. The findings indicate that quantum algorithms provide significant advantages in terms of speed and accuracy compared to classical methods in derivative pricing, portfolio optimization, and risk analysis. It is emphasized that the data security of accounting information systems is under threat due to the quantum capacity to break current encryption, necessitating the development and implementation of post-quantum encryption techniques. Furthermore, the quantum leadership approach is shown to be effective in helping accounting organizations cope with uncertainty and technological transformation, while quantum decision theory enables a more contextual and flexible interpretation of accounting decisions. In conclusion, quantum technologies have the potential to reshape the accounting profession not only from a technical perspective but also in terms of ethics, management, and structure. In this context, it is of great importance to re-equip accounting professionals in line with the requirements of the quantum age.